Investigasi Surra pada berbagai jenis ternak yang terinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi secara alami di Propinsi Banten

A H Wardhana, D H Sawitri, N Herwandi

Abstract

Surra yang disebabkan oleh protozoa darah Trypanosoma evansi masih menjadi permasalahan di sektor peternakan. Sejauh ini belum pernah dilakukan studi komprehensif surra dengan melibatkan berbagai jenis ternak yang diduga berperan sebagai reservoir di Propinsi Banten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan investigasi surra pada berbagai jenis ternak di Propinsi Banten dengan menggunakan berbagai metode diagnosis. Sebanyak 228 sampel ternak yang terdiri dari kerbau, sapi, kambing dan domba digunakan pada studi ini yang dikoleksi dari 12 kecamatan dan tersebar di 4 kabupaten di Propinsi Banten. Sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan empat metode, yaitu ulas darah, micro-haematocrite centrifugation test (MHCT), serologis (Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis ;CATT/T. evansi) dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa 2,9% sampel memberikan hasil positif secara morfologi dengan metode ulas darah dan MHCT. Uji serologis (CATT/T. evansi) memberikan hasil seropositif sebesar 29,39% sedangkan pada uji PCR menunjukkan data 25,64% sampel yang diuji memberikan hasil positif berdasarkan primer Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) dan Trypanosoma brucei 1/2 (TBR1/2). Seluruh sampel domba dan kambing menunjukkan hasil negatif terhadap infeksi T. evansi. Diantara kabupaten yang diinvestigasi, prevalensi surra tertinggi ditemukan di Kabupaten Tangerang dan Pandeglang. Ditinjau dari jenis ternaknya, jumlah kerbau yang terinfeksi T. evansi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan sapi, kemudian diikuti dengan kambing dan domba. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa keberadaan ternak di wilayah Propinsi Banten berpotensi sebagai reservoir surra.

 Keywords

Trypanosoma evansi; surra; PCR; CATT/T.evansi; Banten

 Full Text:

PDF

References

Aboed JT, Farah AA. 2017. Comparative studies on diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Al Najaf Province, Iraq. Int J Sci Nat. 8(3):553–556.

Aregawi WG, Agga GE, Abdi RD, Büscher P. 2019. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi. Parasites and Vectors. 12(1):1–25.

Birhanu H, Fikru R, Said M, Kidane W, Gebrehiwot T, Hagos A, Alemu T, Dawit T, Berkvens D, Goddeeris BM, Büscher P. 2015. Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions , Northern Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 8(212):1–11.

Dargantes AP, Reid SA, Copeman DB. 2005. Experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in the goat. I. Clinical signs and clinical pathology. J Comp Pathol. 133(4):261–266.

Desquesnes M, Holzmuller P, Lai DH, Dargantes A, Lun ZR, Jittaplapong S. 2013. Trypanosoma evansi and surra: A review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects. Biomed Res Int. 1 - 20.

Dewi RS, Soejoedono RD, Wardhana AH, Mulatsih S. 2018. Analyses of Environment Factors Influencing Surra Outbreak in Sumba Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur - Indonesia. To Serve Mankind Through Animal Kingdom.Proceeding The 20th Federation of Asian Veterinary Associations (FAVA) Congress and The15th National Veterinary Scientific Conference of Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (KIVNAS PDHI). Denpasar, 1 - 3rd November 2018. Bali (Indonesia): Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association. p. 362–366.

Ekawasti F, Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH, Dewi DA, Akbari RA. 2016. Serological Test for Surra Cases in Lombok Island. In: Yulistiani D, Wardhana AH, Inounu I, Bahri S, Iskandar S, Wina E, Ginting SP, Tarigan S, Tiesnamurti B, Romjali E, Herawati T, Anggraeny YN, Shanmugavelu S, Aquino DL, editors. Promoting Livestock and Veterinary Technology for Sustainable Rural Livestock Development. Proceeding of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Denpasar, 10 - 12th August 2016. Bali (Indonesia): IAARD Press. p. 183–190.

Elhaig MM, Youssef AI, El-Gayar AK. 2013. Molecular and parasitological detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels in Ismailia, Egypt. Vet Parasitol. 198(1–2):214–218.

Ereqat S, Nasereddin A, Al-Jawabreh A, Al-Jawabreh H, Al-Laham N, Abdeen Z. 2020. Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in livestock in Palestine. Parasites and Vectors. 13(1):1–8.

Fernández D, González-Baradat B, Eleizalde M, González-Marcano E, Perrone T, Mendoza M. 2009. Trypanosoma evansi: A comparison of PCR and parasitological diagnostic tests in experimentally infected mice. Exp Parasitol. 121(1):1–7.

Giordani F, Morrison LJ, Rowan TG, De Koning HP, Barrett MP. 2016. The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: A review. Parasitology. 143(14):1862–1889.

Hilali M, Abdel-Gawad A, Nassar A, Abdel-Wahab A, Magnus E, Büscher P. 2004. Evaluation of the card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi) for detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt. Vet Parasitol. 121(1–2):45–51.

Njiru ZK, Constantine CC, Guya S, Crowther J, Kiragu JM, Thompson RCA, Dávila AMR. 2005. The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes. Parasitol Res. 95(3):186–192.

Nurcahyo W, Yowi MRK, Hartati S, Prastowo J. 2019. The prevalence of horse trypanosomiasis in Sumba Island, Indonesia and its detection using card agglutination tests. Vet World. 12(5):646–652.

OIE. 2020. Old Classification of Diseases Notifable to the OIE List B. World Organization For Animal Health [Internet]. [accessed 2020 Sep 1]. https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/the-world-animal-health-information-system/old-classification-of-diseases-notifiable-to-the-oie-list-b/

Rjeibi MR, Ben Hamida T, Dalgatova Z, Mahjoub T, Rejeb A, Dridi W, Gharbi M. 2015. First report of surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog. Parasite. 22(3):1- 4.

Rudramurthy GR, Sengupta PP, Ligi M, Balamurugan V, Suresh KP, Rahman H. 2017. Serodiagnosis of animal trypanosomosis using a recombinant invariant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma evansi. Indian J Exp Biol. 55(4):209–216.

Sabir N, Chaudhry ZI, Aslam A, Muhammad K, Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Ahmad I. 2018. A study on prevalence and molecular characterization of trypanosomal species infecting equines in Lahore region, Pakistan. J Parasit Dis. 42(1):96–101.

Sawitri DH. 2016. Studi virulensi Trypanosoma evansi isolate lokal Indonesia dengan penentuan marka molecular DNA mikrosatelit dan analisis profil sitokin pada mencit (Mus musculus). Program Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran: Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Sawitri DH, Wardhana AH. 2019. Perbandingan Sensitivitas Empat Macam Primer untuk Deteksi Trypanosoma evansi pada Hewan yang Diinfeksi Secara Buatan dan Alami dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction. Dalam: Martindah E, Wina E, penyunting. Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner Mendukung Kemandirian Pangan di Era Industri 4.0. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteneriner. Jember, 15 - 17 Oktober 2019. Jember (Indonesia). Puslitbangnak. hlm. 180–190.

Sawitri DH, Wardhana AH, Ekawasti F, Akbari RA. 2018. Detection of T. evansi using parasitological serological and biological test in cattle and buffalo at surra endemic area (District of Pemalang and Brebes). In: Wina E, Widiawati Y, editors. Smart Livestock Management to Support Breeding Stock Availability Toward Modern Agriculture. Proceeding of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Kualanamu, 16 - 20th October 2018. Medan: IAARD Press. p. 71–79.

Singh AP, Tripathi AK, Singh A, Srivastava A, Singh R. 2017. Assessment of diagnostic efficacy of various methods in detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes. Buffalo Bull. 36(1):147–153.

Singh V, Singla LD. 2013. Trypanosomosis ( Surra ) in Livestock. In: Katoch R, Godara R, Yadav A, editors. Vet Parasitol Indian Perspect. 1st ed. Delhi: Staish Serial Publishing House; p. 305–330.

Tejedor-Junco MT, González M, Rodríguez NF, Corbera JA, Gutiérrez C. 2011. Comparison between micro-hematocrit centrifugation technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally inoculated goats. Small Rumin Res. 96(1):70–72.

Van den Bossche P, Delespaux V. 2011. Options for the control of tsetse-transmitted livestock trypanosomosis. An epidemiological perspective. Vet Parasitol. 181(1):37–42.

Wardhana AH. 2016. No Laporan hasil pemeriksaan parasit darah di Bogor. Laboratorium Parasitologi, Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner, Bogor. Bogor.

Wardhana AH, Savitri DH. 2018. Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease. Indones Bull Anim Vet Sci. 28: 139-151.

Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH. 2019. Deteksi Surra yang Disebabkan Trypanosoma evansi pada Kerbau di Kabupaten Pandeglang, Propinsi Banten. Dalam: Martindah E, Wina E, penyunting. Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner Mendukung Kemandirian Pangan di Era Industri 4.0. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteneriner. Jember, 15 - 17 Oktober 2019. Jember (Indonesia). Puslitbangnak. hlm. 451–461.

Zayed AA, Habeeb SM, T ANA, Ashry HMZ, Mohamed AHH, Ashour AA, Taha HA. 2010. A Critical Comparative Study of Parasitological and Serological Differential Diagnostic Methods of Trypanosoma evansi infections in Some Farm Animals in Egypt. Am J Agric Environ Sci. 8(6):633–642.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14334/Pros.Semnas.TPV-2020-p.428-441

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.