Comparison of Two Nitrogen Sources for Aspergillus spp. Phytase Production

S I W Rakhmani, T Purwadaria

Abstract

The study on phytase enzyme production of the three Aspergillus spp. : Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 (AF1), NRRL 320 (AF2) and A. niger (AN) had been conducted. Two nitrogen sources (ammonium and sodium nitrates) were used in the medium and two working incubation temperatures (30 and 37OC) were applied. The aimed of this study was to obtain the low-cost nitrogen source for optimum phytase production. All fungi were incubated in media M0 and M1 for 12 days for enzyme production. Analysis for enzyme activities, protein and sugar content and biomass production were performed at day 2,3,4,6,8,and 12 days of incubation periods. Phytase activity was lower in sodium nitrate medium for all Aspergillus spp than in ammonium nitrate medium (2.39, 1.65, 1.65 vs 4.19, 2.22, 2.22 U/ml for AF1, AF2 and AN respectively) at 30OC of incubation temperature. These enzyme activities were reached for 8 days incubation time. The phytase activities of all Aspergillus spp at 37OC incubation temperature were 2.07, 1.24, 1.36 vs 4.80, 2.04, 2.34 U/ml for sodium nitrate vs ammonium nitrate medium and reached at 4 days incubation period for both A. ficuum and 3 days incubation period for A. niger in the M0 medium. It was clearly shown that incubation temperature at 37OC shortened the fermentation period to reach optimal enzyme activity and ammonium nitrate produced higher enzyme activity when compared with sodium nitrate medium.

 Keywords

Aspergillus spp.; phytase; nitrogen sources

References

Bogar, B., G. Szakacs, J.C. Linden, A. Pandey and R.P. Tengerdy. 2003. Optimization of phytase production by solid substrate fermentation, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30. 183–189.

Cangussu, A.S.R, Almeida, D.A, de Souza Aguiar, R.W, Bordignon-Junior, S.E, Viana, K.F, Barbosa, L.C.B, da Silva Cangussu, E.W, Brandi, I.V, Portella, A.C.F, dos Santos, G.R, Sobrinho, E.M, Lima, W.J.N. 2018. Characterization of the Catalytic Structure of Plant Phytase, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-Like Phytase, and Histidine Acid Phytases and Their Biotechnological Applications. Enzyme Research, vol. 2018, Article ID 8240698, 12 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8240698

Haefner S, Knietsch A, Scholten E, Braun J, Lohscheidt M, Zelder O. Biotechnological production and applications of phytases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005; 68: 588-97. PMID: 16041577

Jatuwong K, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P and Lumyong S (2020) Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases. Front. Microbiol. 11: article 188- (18p). Published online 2020 Feb 14. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00188

Jorquera, M.A., Gabler, S., Inostroza, N.G. Acuna J.J, Campos M.A, Blackburn D.M, Greiner R. 2017. Screening and Characterization of Phytases from Bacteria Isolated from Chilean Hydrothermal Environments. Microb Ecol 75, 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1057-0

Kruger, J., J.R. Taylor, A. OelofseEffects of reducing phytate content in sorghum through genetic modification and fermentation on in vitro iron availability in whole grain porridges Food Chemistry, 131 (2012), pp. 220-224

Li Y.D, Awati A., Schulze H, Partridge G. 2015. Phytase in non‐ruminant animal nutrition: a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 95: 878–896

Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of Dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chem. 31: 426 428.

Muslim S.N, Ali A.N.M, Al-Kadmy I.M.S, Khazaal S.S.K, Ibrahim S.A, Al-Saryi N.A, Al-Saadi L.G, Salman B.K, Aziz S.N. 2018. Screening, nutritional optimization and purification for phytase produced by Enterobacter aerogenes and its role in enhancement of hydrocarbons degradation and biofilm inhibition. Microbial Pathogenesis 115 (2018) 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.047

Olstorpe M, Schnürer J, Passoth V. 2009. Screening of yeast strains for phytase activity, FEMS Yeast Research, 9: 478–488, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00493.x.

Park Y.J, Park, J, Park K.H, Oh B.C, Auh J.H. 2011. Supplementation of Alkaline Phytase (Ds11) in Whole‐Wheat Bread Reduces Phytate Content and Improves Mineral Solubility. Journal of Food Science, 76, pp C791-794

Popanich, S., C. Klomsiri and S. Dharmsthiti.2003. Thermo-acido-tolerant phytase production from a soil bacterium in a medium containing rice bran and soybean meal extract. Bioresource Technology 87 (3): 295-298.

Savita PD, Yallappa M, Nivetha N, et al. Phytate solubilizing microorganisms and enzyme phytase to combat nutritional problems in cereal-based foods. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2017;4(3):86-89. DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2017.04.00093 .

Selle, P.H, Cowieson, A.J, Cowieson, N.P and Ravindran, V.2012. Protein–phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition: a reappraisal. Nutrition Research Reviews,25, pp 117. doi:10.1017/S0954422411000151

Shieh, T.R. dan J.H. Ware (1968). Survey of microorganisms for production of extracellular phytase. Appl. Microb. 16 (9) 1348 1351.

Shivanna G.B, Venkateswaran G. 2014. Phytase Production by Aspergillus niger CFR 335 and Aspergillus ficuum SGA 01 through Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation. The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 392615, 6 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/392615

Suleimanova A.D., Beinhauer Astrid, Valeeva L.R., Chastukhina I. B., Balaban N.P, Shakirov E.V., Greiner R , Sharipova M.R. 2015. Novel Glucose-1-Phosphatase with High Phytase Activity and Unusual Metal Ion Activation from Soil Bacterium Pantoea sp. Strain 3.5.1 Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Oct; 81(19): 6790–6799. Prepublished online 2015 Jul 24. Published online 2015 Sep 4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01384-15

Ulupi N, Sumantri C. 2015. Peranan kelompok gen triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase dan fatty acid binding protein pada metabolisme lemak ayam broiler. Wartazoa. 25:15-22.

West T.P. 2014 . Effect of Phytase Treatment on Phosphate Availability in the Potential Food Supplement Corn Distillers’ Grains with Solubles. Journal of Food Processing, vol. 2014, Article ID 641959, 5 pages, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/641959

Wu G, S.K. Johnson, J.F. Bornman, S.J. Bennett, V. Singh, A. Simic, Z. Fang. 2016. Effects of genotype and growth temperature on the contents of tannin, ghytate and in vitro iron availability of sorghum grains. PloS One, 11 Article e0148712

Yu S, Cowieson A, Gilbert C, Plumstead P and Dalsgaard S. 2012. Interactions of phytate and myo-inositol phosphate esters (IP1-5) including IP5 isomers with dietary protein and iron and inhibition of pepsin. J Anim Sci. 90:1824-1832. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3866

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/Pros.Semnas.TPV-2020-p.893-905

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.