Homogenitas dan Stabilitas Kit ELISA OTA, serta Aplikasinya untuk Mendeteksi Okratoksin A pada Pakan Unggas

R Maryam, P M Widiyanti, F Ramadhani, Munawar H

Abstract

Okratoksin A (OTA) adalah salah satu mikotoksin berbahaya yang dihasilkan oleh kapang Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp yang sering mengkontaminasi produk pertanian. Mikotoksin ini bersifat nefrotoksik, imunotoksik, teratogenik, karsinogenik, neurotoksik dan genotoksik pada manusia dan hewan ternak. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kontaminasi OTA dibutuhkan teknik deteksi yang sensitif, cepat, akurat dan ekonomis. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dihasilkan kit ELISA berbasis antibodi polikonal untuk mendeteksi OTA pada bahan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui homogenitas dan stabilitas KIT ELISA OTA yang dikembangkan dengan format kompetitif langsung (dc-ELISA), serta keragaannya dalam mendeteksi OTA pada pakan unggas. Uji homogenitas dilakukan terhadap 10 kit, sedangkan uji stabilitas dilakukan terhadap 3 kit yang disimpan selama 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, dan 40 minggu dalam lemari pendingin (4-8 oC). Analisis statistik dengan uji F menunjukkan bahwa 10 kit ELISA OTA yang diuji memberikan hasil yang homogen (Fhitung < Ftabel). Hasil uji stabilitas terhadap 3 kit ELISA OTA tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang berarti selama masa penyimpanan (stabil). Kit juga menunjukkan konsistensi yang baik dalam mendeteksi OTA pada pakan dan bahan pakan ternak unggas. Pengujian sampel lapang menggunakan kit ELISA tersebut menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel asal Jawa Barat dan Lampung terkontaminasi OTA dengan rataan konsentrasi masih di bawah batas ambang residu (BMR) untuk ternak unggas, yaitu 100 ppb. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa kit ELISA yang dikembangkan memiliki homogenitas dan stabilitas yang memenuhi persyaratan, serta dapat diaplikasikan untuk mendeteksi OTA pada pakan ternak unggas.

 Keywords

Okratoksin A; ELISA; homogenitas; stabilitas; pakan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/prossemnastpv.v20i20.2647

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